The Ethics of Staying Home While Sick

I get sick frequently. This has been true about me since childhood, when it seemed like I had a runny nose or hacking cough at least once a month. Having been sick so frequently as a kid, I've learned to go to school even while ill. Because when you're sick several times a semester, and you're trying not to rack up a huge list of absences, ain't nobody got time to stay home when you have a little runny nose.
I've carried this general attitude of work-through-the-illness into adulthood. This presents a unique conundrum, when my "work" is interacting with hospitalized patients on a daily basis, some of whom are immunocompromised (ie, their immune systems are less capable of fending off illness than the immune systems of typical people). I've also learned that the more rest I allow myself during illnesses, the better. After all, when I have muscle aches and a fuzzy head and a fever, I'm not a very useful member of a patient care team.
So this Monday, when I began to feel a little fuzzy-headed and muscle-achey, I decided to go to my assigned night shift, since a part of me wasn't sure if my symptoms were due to sleep deprivation or a true illness--though a couple of sneezes from earlier that morning should have told me it was clearly the latter. Of course, I got to work and scrubbed into a surgery, only to find myself getting uncomfortably light-headed and feeling my bowels go into disarray. I ended up scrubbed out, on a stool in a corner of the OR, with my head between my knees and a juice cup in my hand. Since this week's rotation involves delivering babies, my resident and my attending decided I should stay away from newborns with whatever virus was afflicting me, and I was sent home early, with assurances that no one would fault me for doing so, and that I should take the next night off too, if I was still feeling bad.
I was really grateful for my team's incredibly healthy attitude toward illness. As one of my residents said, as a medical student, I should take advantage of being able to take time off when I'm sick, because most residents have precious little opportunity to do that. Since Monday night, I've also ended up staying home from work on Tuesday and Wednesday night, because my symptoms have steadily worsened into a garden-variety upper respiratory illness (URI)--one that rendered me unsafe to practice any kind of medicine, especially medicine involving newborns who would literally be entering the world into my germ-ridden hands.
The frustrating thing is that, in the time since I was sent home by my team on Monday night, I've gotten steadily more and more signs that people seem to think I'm stretching my sick leave a little longer than I should be. My residents have asked whether I've told the clerkship director about my absences. My dad keeps talking about how I should be sure not to miss too many "credits," and is expressing concern that I'll never learn how to deliver a baby (a skill that, while important for any physician to know, likely won't be of great use to me as a pediatric geneticist).
And this brings me to the point I'm trying to make with this post: When is it okay to prioritize my health above other factors? Granted, I'm not suffering from Yellow Fever or something, and this URI certainly isn't going to kill me. But it will make me uncomfortable and inefficient at work, and it will make me a hazard to the patients I encounter. Isn't it right to take off as much time as I need to get over this illness, or at the very least to get over the phase of the illness during which I feel like I'm actively shedding germs from every pore of my body? Or is it more important to fulfill my duties as a student? If I still don't feel 100% tomorrow, should I go to work anyway, lest I exceed the allowed number of days off from my rotation, and end up having to do makeup days?
Perhaps a more pressing line of questioning is, How will all of this play out when I'm a resident, and later an attending physician? When my contribution to the medical care team is no longer negligible, when my notes in the medical record carry actual legal weight, when my patients won't have a doctor if I don't come to work? I'm not sure what the right answer is. I suppose it's something I'll have to wrestle with in the future. For now, I will content myself with being grateful that, as a student, I can still take time off when my body needs me to.

Kangaroo Kitty Cat

I met a new patient yesterday, a 30-something year-old dad. He was coming in with an upper respiratory illness that involved a mild sore throat and a pretty nasty dry cough. While taking the social history, I asked him if he had any animals at home. The patient chuckled then, and his laugh suggested there was a story there, but all he told me was that he had one cat, though he's allergic to cats, and two dogs.
Later, when I re-entered with my preceptor, I noticed that the patient's cough sounded mildly wheezy, not unlike the cough I get when I'm around cats (I, too, am allergic). Our patient had been sick for a little over a week, and I wondered if maybe the cat wasn't responsible for his symptoms. "How new is this cat?" I asked. "Two months," he told us. "I guess getting the cat was your wife's idea?" we asked. Well, it's a handicapped cat, he told us. Its back legs are normal, but the front legs are stunted, so that the cat walks on its hind legs or scoots around on its bottom. The very idea was both comical and precious. "So your wife rescued this cat, I guess?" my preceptor ventured. Well, not quite. Our patient had seen the cat on a ranch while he was away for business. He took a picture of the funny little creature and sent it to his wife, saying "It's too bad they'll have to kill this cat." Of course, he received an immediate, vehement response: "You bring that cat home immediately!"
So now our patient lives at home with his wife, daughter, two dogs, and a malformed, adorable kitty, to which he's allergic. He showed us pictures of the thing. It looked like a feline velociraptor. "Look at how the silly thing sleeps!" he told us, showing more pictures. We told him to use an inhaler as needed, pop antihistamines regularly, and learn to live with the cat. His fate was sealed.
Funny the people you'll meet and the stories you'll hear.

Past Medical History

This morning I did an initial History and Physical on a patient who was new to my preceptor's practice. Before I went in to meet him, I learned his chief complaint (rash), and his name: Wilbur. Funny, I remarked to my preceptor. That's a pretty old-fashioned name.

When I walked into the room, I was greeted by a sandy-haired balding gentleman in a crisp white shirt, khakis, and boots. He was wearing too much cologne, which portended sleaziness, but his manner was respectful, professional. We talked about his rash for some time. It had been around for about 5 days, he was developing new spots every day, and they were slightly painful. I think it might be shingles, he said, Or Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome. Usually, patients with shingles complain of terrible pain, I told him. Have you been taking any medication for the pain? No, he said. I've dealt with a lot of really bad pain before, took extra strength Vicodin (Vikodayn, with his Texan accent) for a long time, and now I'm off all that stuff. My eyebrows raised at this hint of a significant medical history. Yeah, he said, I was taking morphine IV and everything, because of a plane crash I was in, but I'm getting off topic. Yes, I told him. We'll get to all that later.

A few questions later, we arrived at the Past Medical History, that fateful part of the initial H&P. Finally, he could tell me what had happened. It was a plane crash, he said, in the mid '90s. Right femur broken. Right arm nearly amputated. Right ulna lost proximally, right radius lost distally. Both shoulders dislocated, sticking out "right here," he told me, indicating his mid-clavicular region bilaterally. He was in the hospital for months, out of work for over a year, underwent 27 surgeries in that time and many more for the reflex sympathetic pain syndrome he developed as a result. He underwent intensive psychiatric therapy and rehabilitation to wean himself off of the megadoses of narcotics required to manage his neuropathic pain. Nearly twenty years later, he was fully functional, working and traveling without any hitches.

The most remarkable thing in all of this was that I never would have guessed at this incredibly traumatic history until he rolled back his shirtsleeves. The scars on his right hand were barely visible, and the hand was stupendously functional, considering the trauma it had undergone. The man sitting before me was shockingly unscathed, at least outwardly.

The interview over, I examined his rash, listened to his heart and lungs, and felt his distal pulses (To my surprise, the right radial pulse was intact). Then I smiled at him and said I'd be back soon with my preceptor.

In the hallway, I gave her a quick rundown of his rash and his storied medical history. A plane crash? she asked. Wow.

When we re-entered the room, after some cursory questions about the rash, she asked what I hadn't: So tell us about this crash. You've gotta tell us the whole story.

It's a long story, he started. (And long it was; we probably ended up listening to him for 30 or so minutes; at one point, his wife called the receptionist and asked why his appointment was taking so long.) Little by little, the details came out. A private plane, a complete engine failure right after take-off. 78 seconds from take-off to hitting the ground again in a terrifying crash. The other passenger 76 years old, hurt, but not as badly as our patient. Our patient lost a lot of blood. His blood pressure was 40 over nothing, a first responder said. Our patient, declared dead on the scene. Our patient viewing the entire scene from above, in an out of body experience.

And there were three people there, he went on. I remember them so vividly, but I couldn't possibly tell you if they were male or female. I just know they were there. One placed my head in their lap, another held up my feet, and a third held my left hand and fed me some cool water. Later, I saw those three people move the other crash victim's gurney into the life flight helicopter.

Once he arrived at the hospital, my patient remembers being wheeled down a cavernous hallway, with a white sheet covering him. He saw fluorescent lights and ceiling tiles flash past as his gurney progressed, until finally he passed through a set of double doors large enough for all of humanity to enter at the same time. On the other side, he saw his wife in her wedding dress, his kids in their Easter clothes, and his father in his coveralls lined up along the right wall. As he began sitting up to speak to his family, my patient felt a hand on his left shoulder, pushing him back down. A voice said, "Lie back down. There will be time to talk to them later."

Next thing my patient knows, he sits straight up in his hospital bed, lines and tubes coming out of many natural and artificial orifices. "Holy shit, God's hand was just on me," he says. From her chair to his left, his mother turned to him and said, "There you are, son. I was wondering when you'd come back."

In bits and pieces, my patient learns that he's been unconscious for days. The doctors and his family had no idea if he would regain consciousness, no idea if he would be the same man he was before. But he has and he is. Over the next year, our patient is "put back together" by a brilliant surgeon who gave him back full function of his right arm, hand, and leg. He suffers from reflex pain syndrome, taking megadoses of Vicodin and other opioids, just trying to stave off the pain. Eventually, he undergoes intensive inpatient rehab and gets off the narcotics for good. Years pass, and now he sits before us, mildly distressed by shingles.

By this time, over half an hour has passed, and my preceptor and I have exchanged many a quick glance communicating anxiety over the increasing length of this patient encounter. There are other patients out there waiting for us. But our patient says, "I'll just tell you one more thing, and then I'll finish the story, even though there's much more to it," and we say all right. He needs to tell this to us.

A couple years ago, our patient entered a local grocery store in search of a squeegee for his shower. "I know, you're wondering where I'm going with this," he assured us as our eyebrows raised skeptically. "But don't worry." After searching the store himself with no luck, our patient asked a little old man working at the store if he could help him find the squeegees. Why sure, the little old man said. But, he said, glancing at our patient's scarred right arm, what happened to that arm there? A plane crash, our patient said stoically. I bet that's a good story, the little old man said gamely. Why don't you tell me about it while we walk? And so our patient related the whole tale to this perfect stranger. By the time they reached the squeegee aisle, the tale was nearing its end. The little old man cleared some space on a low shelf, and they sat together while our patient told the part that bugs him the most. "Whenever people hear this story, they look at me (and here, he squinted his eyes in a way that said goshdarnit I'm sure of it) and say, God saved you for a reason. You have a purpose in this life. But that's the whole problem. I don't know what my purpose is. Here I am over 10 years later and I still don't know what I'm supposed to be doing. God never told me what He wanted me to do," our patient bemoaned. The little old man put his hand on the patient's shoulder, said "Yes I did, son," and walked off.

Here our patient choked up for the first time, and my preceptor and I exchanged a look altogether different from the ones before. This was a special moment, a moment neither of us was likely to forget. Moments like these remind me how lucky I am to be in the medical field. Being a physician means being let in on the most intimate details of strangers' lives. People trust you immediately, and tell you things they don't tell others, even those they love and know well. It's a position of immense power, and one that keeps me in touch with my own humanity. For this I am grateful.

The n00b Files- Week 3 of Infectious Disease Consult/Week 11 of Internal Medicine

I'm now approximately one week away from finishing MS2 and becoming a wise 3rd year. In preparation for moving onto the second half of my medical school career, I am frantically gathering yet more knowledge as I wrap up my last month of the Internal Medicine rotation. Here's the low-down:

Lesson 1:
Being on a consult service is frustrating in that you make recommendations and write notes and put in orders, but ultimately the primary team makes all the decisions, and sometimes even decisions in your field of expertise. For instance, the primary team stopped an antibiotic on one of our patients without consulting our team first. They stopped it for a good reason, but stopping it without letting us know beforehand was kind of a crazy thing to me. But I get the feeling this sort of thing is not uncommon when you're consulting on a patient.

Lesson 2:
One thing that makes me really, really happy is talking to people in their 60s or so who've already made it through all the hurdles I face now as a 20-something. Most of them have found their life partners, borne and raised children, and had their careers. In a time when I feel like very few things about my future are certain, it gives me hope to look at others who have come before me and made it through and are still smiling. This is probably why I like working with the Alumni Association at my school so much.

Lesson 3:
This is not a lesson by any means, but I took a picture with one of my patients this week, by her request. It made me feel really happy (she was a sweet, short elderly lady who reminded me of all kinds of grandmas), and it also made me realize that doctors take pictures with their patients all the time--and this was hopefully the first in a long line of photographs to come.

Lesson 4:
I may never get over the mental/emotional trauma of seeing patients in the ICU. I know it's a bit rich to say that when I'm, oh, less than 6 months into many, many years of working in and around hospitals. But seriously, how does anyone look at a patient, legs sprawled about awkwardly, mouth open with an intubation tube and orogastric tube hanging out, and catheters and lines coming out of necks, arms, and you-know-wheres, and not shudder, even if for a millisecond?

Lesson 5:
One of the toughest things about being a student is having patients with complex medical problems, whose prognosis you can't predict. Heck, who even knows if the attendings can predict some patients' prognoses? But what I'm getting at is, it sucks to walk into a room in the morning and examine an unresponsive patient while said patient's spouse sits in the corner in expectant silence, hoping you'll tell them something about the patient's progress. Unfortunately, being as inexperienced as I am, I have no useful information for families in a situation like that. It's rough to walk out without exchanging a word with others in the room, but doing that is better than trying to exchange pleasantries, or worse, telling them things about their loved one's medical problems that simply are incorrect.

Lesson 6:
There are 14 specific "systems" that Medicare and Medicaid look for on a Review of Systems; you have to hit 10 to get full credit. They are: Constitutional, Eyes, ENT, Cardio, Respiratory, GI, GU, Musculoskeletal, Neurological, Derm, Endocrine, Allergy and Immunology, Heme/Onc, and Psych. Isn't that wild?

Lesson 7:
I'm really grateful that I don't have inflammatory bowel disease. That stuff sucks.

Lesson 8:
Learning where all the free food is in any given hospital is a worthwhile endeavor. It feels good to walk around with ice cream and smile mysteriously when others ask you where you got it.

The n00b Files - Week 3 of Internal Medicine Wards

I've made it all the way through my Surgery rotation (a 3-month slog!) and I'm 4 weeks into my Medicine rotation (another 3-month slog...what was I thinking?). I'm still learning something every day, but I haven't been very good with recording my discoveries. So here's a braindump of lessons from the wards:

Lesson 1:

Your first shelf exam will crush your soul. Twice. First, you will leave the exam hall wondering if shelf exams are supposed to feel the way you feel at that moment. Then, you'll get your grade and wonder if you've been learning anything at all and/or whether you're cut out to be a physician or if you should just quit now with fond memories of pre-clinical success to look back on. Unfortunately, there's no way to go back and change your performance on your initial shelf, and as Abraham Lincoln (or someone) said, If at first you don't succeed, try, try again. Learning during clinicals is a whole different ball game from learning during pre-clinicals. All of a sudden, you have to not only work all or most of the day (and often 6 days a week), but also go home and study. It's kind of a cruel joke, really. But I figure if thousands of doctors have done it before me, I can do it too.

Lesson 2:

It's really difficult to deal with emotional patients. I like to think of myself as a compassionate person, but I find it hard to comfort a patient when he or she is crying, or talking about how rough life has been lately. It just feels very strange.

Lesson 3:

On wards, you'll probably work with pretty darn awesome scientists/clinicians without even realizing it. In the past week, I've worked with one doctor who was instrumental in discovering the connection between H. pylori and ulcers, who is now working on curing C. diffcolitis, and another who may have found a cure to Hepatitis C. No big deal. [For those of you not in medicine, those are both really big deals.]

Lesson 4:

I've said it before and I'll say it again--having a good team makes all the difference, for real. I have some pretty darn sweet interns, a friendly upper-level, and a couple of great fellow students on my team right now, and if I have to spend the day in the hospital, it's fun to talk to them while I do it.

Lesson 5:

A lot of the time, when it rains, it pours.

Lesson 6:

You're more likely to hear an Internal Medicine resident complain about a pointless admit (for instance, a patient with a history of cancer who's had a 12-hour history of nausea and vomiting and shows absolutely no signs of dehydration) than a very complicated patient. I found that pretty interesting: residents prefer not to have a really "easy" patient who doesn't really need to be hospitalized. They'd rather take care of patients who really need tertiary care, like a hospital provides.

Lesson 7:

When you're a medical student, you can't do a whole lot to help your patients. You can suggest lab tests or imaging studies to your residents, or perhaps pick up on the fact that a patient isn't receiving an important drug to prevent blood clots. But not really much else. What you can do is simple things for your patients, like getting them a toothbrush when they ask, or helping them take their hair out of a ponytail (which was placed when the patient was intubated). Patients tend to be pretty grateful for these sorts of actions, and if something so simple can brighten a hospitalized person's day, it's worth doing, especially when, as a student, you have many fewer constraints on your time compared to your residents.

Lesson 8:

That being said, there will always be patients who seem to need to complain about at least one thing every day. And sometimes you can't do anything to address their complaints, and you don't really want to stand around and listen to them. But like most people who are venting their frustrations, many patients benefit simply from having someone commiserate, if only for a little while every day.